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Small Munsterlander
What is the origin of the Small Munsterlander? Also known as the Kleine Munsterlander, this breed comes from the Munster region of Germany. The breed is more than 500 years old. It’s excellent hunting abilities made it a breed for the nobility only. However, as of August 1919, the Weimar Constitution recognized all Germans as […]
Portosystemic Shunt
All unborn mammalian babies have a large shunt, a blood vessel that carries blood around the liver instead of through it to the heart. This shunt, called the ductus venous should close down just before or after birth. Sometimes it does not stop working and is a defect known as an intrahepatic (hepatic referring to […]
Nasopharyngeal Polyps in Cats
Nasopharyngeal polyps are noncancerous (benign) growths. They are tissues that affect the pharynx, nasal passages and ear canals. The pharynx is part of the throat connected to the nasal and oral cavities that propels swallowed food into the esophagus. The polyps are usually seen in young cats. The mass can be red, pink or gray […]


