When horses eat, the food is swallowed and passes down the esophagus into the stomach. There is a strong band of muscle called the cardiac sphincter around the esophagus at the stomach entrance. While all mammals have the cardiac sphincter which is a valve, it is different in horses for these reasons. It is extremely […]
Aggression in dogs has a number of causes. They are mainly fear aggression, dominance aggression, protective aggression and aggression towards other dogs. Punishment should never be used when treating aggression. Anything that causes pain to a dog should not be used. Most times it only makes the situation worse. When your dog exhibits certain aggressive […]
There are two categories of parrots. Old World species such as the cockatiel and the senegal are native to Asia, Africa and Australia. New World parrots including macaws, amazons and conures originated in Central and South America and Mexico. New World and Old World parrot species, in their native habitats, live in different environments. New […]
