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South Africa
South Africa is home to many indigenous animals, including over 200 mammal species. South Africa is best known for the “Big Five”: elephant, lion, rhino, leopard and buffalo. South Africa is also home to cheetahs, hippos, giraffes, kudus, wildebeest and zebra. There are eight whale species in South African waters. The most commonly seen whale […]
Seasonal Changes in Horse Nutrition
A horse’s nutrition needs vary a bit with the change in seasons. Feeding your horse an appropriate diet is essential to his/her good health. Spring brings new growth in plants and grass. Horses, particularly those who are usually not out in pasture, should be allowed at first to graze for an hour, increasing the time […]
Portosystemic Shunt
All unborn mammalian babies have a large shunt, a blood vessel that carries blood around the liver instead of through it to the heart. This shunt, called the ductus venous should close down just before or after birth. Sometimes it does not stop working and is a defect known as an intrahepatic (hepatic referring to […]




